For high school students planning to attend college in the United States, standardized testing remains a significant part of the admissions process. The two most widely recognized exams are the SAT and the ACT. While many schools have adopted test-optional policies, a strong score on either exam can still enhance applications, qualify students for scholarships, and demonstrate academic readiness.
As we move further into 2025, it’s important for students and parents to understand the key differences, similarities, and strategic considerations involved in choosing between the SAT and ACT. This article explores the features of each test and offers guidance on selecting the right one based on your goals, strengths, and testing preferences.
Overview: What Are the SAT and ACT?
The SAT and ACT are standardized college entrance exams designed to assess a student's readiness for college-level work. Both are accepted by virtually all U.S. colleges and universities.
-
The SAT, administered by the College Board, focuses on evidence-based reading, writing, and math skills.
-
The ACT, managed by ACT, Inc., evaluates English, math, reading, and science reasoning, with an optional writing test.
Though they share similar purposes, their formats, scoring systems, and content emphasis vary.
Structure and Content Differences
Understanding the structure and content of each test is essential for making an informed decision.
| Feature | SAT | ACT |
|---|---|---|
| Sections | Reading, Writing & Language, Math (No Calculator & Calculator), Essay (optional) | English, Math, Reading, Science, Writing (optional) |
| Total Time | 3 hours (plus 50 minutes for optional essay) | 2 hours 55 minutes (plus 40 minutes for optional writing) |
| Scoring Scale | 400–1600 | 1–36 |
| Calculator Use | Allowed only on some math sections | Allowed on all math sections |
| Science Section | No separate science section; science questions integrated | Separate science reasoning section |
| Essay | Optional, scored separately | Optional, scored separately |
Key Differences Explained
-
Science Section: The ACT includes a dedicated science reasoning section that tests data analysis, interpretation, and problem-solving skills. The SAT does not have a separate science section but incorporates scientific concepts in other sections.
-
Math Content: Both tests cover algebra, geometry, and basic trigonometry, but the SAT generally includes fewer advanced math questions. The ACT may include some more advanced topics and always allows calculator use for the math section.
-
Reading and Writing: The SAT’s reading passages tend to be longer and focus heavily on evidence-based questions, while the ACT reading passages are shorter but require faster reading and processing speed. The ACT English section focuses more on grammar and usage rules.
-
Timing and Pace: The ACT generally requires quicker pacing due to more questions and less time per question, which can be challenging for some students.
Scoring and College Requirements
Both exams provide scores that colleges use to evaluate applications.
-
SAT: The combined score ranges from 400 to 1600, with separate scores for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (200–800) and Math (200–800). The optional essay is scored separately.
-
ACT: The composite score is the average of four section scores, each from 1 to 36. The optional writing test is scored separately.
Many colleges accept both scores interchangeably. Some schools superscore the SAT (combining the best section scores from multiple test dates) and/or the ACT.
Test Availability and Cost
Both tests are administered multiple times per year, but the dates and registration fees vary slightly.
-
SAT: Typically offered seven times annually in the U.S. Registration costs $60 (without essay).
-
ACT: Typically offered six times annually in the U.S. Registration costs $63 (without writing).
Fee waivers are available for eligible students.
Which Test Should You Take? Factors to Consider
Choosing between the SAT and ACT depends on several personal factors:
1. Your Strengths and Test Style
-
If you excel in science reasoning and prefer straightforward questions, the ACT’s dedicated science section may suit you.
-
If you prefer evidence-based reading and writing with more focus on reasoning, the SAT might be better.
-
Consider whether you are comfortable working quickly, as the ACT tends to be faster-paced.
-
Try taking official practice tests for both exams to see which feels more comfortable.
2. University Preferences
-
While most colleges accept either test, check if your target schools have preferences or offer scholarships based on one test.
-
Some programs or scholarships may favor one exam over the other.
3. Testing Strategy
-
If you plan to take both tests, know that some students improve their scores significantly on one test after practicing the other.
-
If time or resources are limited, focusing on the exam that best matches your skills may yield better results.
4. Test Format Preferences
-
If you dislike strict time limits and prefer more time per question, the SAT may be less stressful.
-
If you prefer a test that uses a calculator throughout and includes a science section, the ACT fits that profile.
Preparing for the Test You Choose
Regardless of which test you select, preparation is key to success.
-
Start Early: Give yourself at least 3-6 months to prepare.
-
Use Official Materials: The College Board and ACT offer free practice tests and resources.
-
Focus on Weak Areas: Tailor your study to sections where you need improvement.
-
Consider Prep Courses or Tutors: If you need additional guidance.
-
Take Practice Tests Under Real Conditions: To build stamina and time management.
The Growing Trend of Test-Optional Policies
It’s worth noting that many colleges have adopted test-optional policies, allowing applicants to decide whether to submit SAT or ACT scores. While this can relieve pressure, submitting strong test scores can still enhance your application and improve scholarship opportunities.
In 2025, it’s essential to research the testing policies of each institution you plan to apply to and strategize accordingly.
Final Thoughts
The decision between the SAT and ACT in 2025 ultimately depends on your personal strengths, comfort with the test formats, and your college goals. Both exams offer a valid route to college admission, and neither is universally better than the other.
By understanding the key differences and taking practice tests, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your academic profile. Remember, preparation and consistency are the most critical factors in achieving a strong score.